Source: RED over BLACK: Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians, by R. HALLIBURTON
CHEROKEE SLAVEOWNERS IN TENNESSEE IN 1835
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
Hamilton County
1 John Brown 9 3 12 Farmer
2 Alexander Knave 7 7 14 Farmer
3 Levi Timberlake 1 1 2 Farmer
4 Dick Timberlake 4 2 6 Not listed
5 The Walker 1 4 5 Farmer
6 Daniel Griffin 0 1 1 Farmer
Chickamauga County
7 Dennis Wolf 0 1 1 Farmer
8 James Starr 4 1 5 Not listed
9 A. McCoy 0 1 1 Farmer, 1 ferry
10 Thomas Cairy 0 1 1 Farmer
11 Ezekiel McLaughlin 1 1 2 Farmer
12 Andrew McLaughlin 1 1 2 Farmer
13 James Brown 14 14 28 Farmer
14 George Candy 1 1 2 Farmer
15 William Williams 6 5 11 Farmer
16 Hair Conrad 1 6 7 Farmer
Table I (Continued)
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
McMinn County
17 Samuel Candy, Sr. 1 3 4 Farmer
18 Maxwell 4 2 6 Farmer
19 John Gothard 0 1 1 Farmer
20 Franklin Adair 0 1 1 Farmer
21 Ailsey Eldridge 8 13 21 Farmer
22 John Bullard 0 1 1 Farmer
23 William Blyth 9 4 13 Farmer, 1 mill,
2 ferries
24 William Blyth, Jr. 0 1 1 Not listed
Hamilton County
25 Moses Fields 2 3 5 Farmer
26 John L. Garnell 3 Farmer
27 Joseph Vann 55 55 110 Farmer, 1 mill,
1 ferry
28 William Read 1 1 2 Farmer
29 John Blythe 0 1 1 Farmer
30 James Vann 5 9 14 Farmer
31 Adam Seabolt 0 1 1 Farmer
32 Wilson Nivins 0 1 1 Farmer
McMinn County
33 Samuel Parks 7 5 12 Farmer
34 Betsey Walker ** 1 2 3 Farmer
35 Jessee Mayfield 8 7 15 Farmer
36 Jessee Bushyhead 0 4 4 Farmer
Table I (Continued)
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
McMinn County
37 Alexander Clingen 0 1 1 Farmer
38 Susy Otterlifter ** 2 1 3 Farmer
39 Jonathan Mulkey 0 3 3 Farmer, 1 ferry
40 John Ross 13 6 19 Farmer, 2 ferries
41 G. M. Muncell 2 2 4 Farmer
42 Lewis Ross 24 17 41 Farmer, 1 mill,
3 ferries
43 James Foreman * 0 1 1 Farmer
44 Peter Helderbrand 2 6 8 Farmer, 1 mill,
1 ferry
45 Lewis Helderbrand 1 0 1 Farmer
46 Pigeon 0 1 1 Farmer
47 J. V. Helderbrand 1 1 2 Farmer
48 Nich. B. McNair 2 2 4 Farmer, 1 ferry
49 John Helderbrand 2 1 3 Farmer, 1 ferry
50 James V. McNair 2 1 3 Farmer
51 (Name
indistinguishable) 11 10 21 Not listed
52 George Hicks 1 2 3 Farmer
53 James Petit 17 11 28 Farmer
54 Lewis Tiner 2 2 4 Farmer
55 Michl. Hilderbrand 3 2 5 Farmer, 2 mills,
1 ferry
56 Levi Baley 2 1 3 Farmer
57 George Stair 2 1 3 Farmer
* Full-blood
* Female
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
427 Cherokee heads of families were listed in Tennessee, of whom 57 were
listed as slaveowners; thus approximately 0.13 percent of heads of families
were
slaveowners.
The slaveowners possessed 480 black slaves, averaging 8.42 slaves each.
1 full-blood slaveowner was listed; he owned 1 slave.
2 female slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 6 slaves.
There were 56 mixed-blood Cherokees who were slaveowners.
Table II
CHEROKEE SLAVEOWNERS IN ALABAMA IN 1835
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
58 Geo. Lowry, Sr. 7 13 20 Farmer
Jackson County
59 Geo. Lowery, Jr. 1 0 1 Farmer
60 Anderson Lowery 2 1 3 Farmer
61 Rachel Brown ** 3 4 7 Not listed
62 Elizabeth Pack ** 16 13 29 Farmer
63 John Cowart 0 2 2 Not listed
64 James Lowry 4 1 5 Farmer
65 Martin Benge 1 1 2 Farmer
66 Sam'l. Keys 0 1 1 Farmer
67 Doctor Wm. Davis 2 2 4 Farmer
68 Arch Campbell 0 2 2 Farmer
69 George Gunter 3 4 7 Farmer
70 Charles Melton 4 10 14 Farmer
71 Sam'l Gunter 11 11 22 Farmer
72 Edward Gunter 17 13 30 Farmer, 2 farms,
2 ferries
73 Rich. Blackburn 1 3 4 Farmer
74 John Gunter 14 16 30 Farmer
Table II (Continued)
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
Blount County
75 Corn Silk 1 2 3 Farmer, 3 farms
76 David Carter 3 2 5 Farmer
77 Alexr. Gilbreath 11 11 22 Farmer
78 Martin Scrimsher 1 1 2 Farmer, 2 farms
79 John G. Ross 3 3 6 Not listed
80 John Bell 5 4 9 Farmer, 5 farms
81 James Lamar 1 1 2 Farmer
82 George Baldridge 2 3 5 Farmer
83 Jas. Crutchfield 5 3 8 Farmer
84 James Orr 0 1 1 Farmer
Wills County
85 Betsey Broom *** 2 2 4 Farmer
86 Scraper * 0 1 1 Farmer
87 Wm. Grimmett 3 4 7 Farmer, 2 farms,
1 ferry
88 Wm. Lasley 1 1 2 Farmer
89 Nelson R. Harlin 0 1 1 Not listed
90 John Nicholson 1 0 1 Farmer
91 Richd. Ratliff, Jr. 6 7 13 Farmer
92 Richd. Ratliff, Sr. * 4 3 7 Farmer
93 James Lassley 1 1 2 Farmer, 2 farms
1 ferry
94 John Ratliff 2 0 2 Farmer
95 George Campbell 1 6 7 Farmer
96 Chas Vann 1 3 4 Farmer
97 Geo. Fields 1 1 2 Farmer
* Full-blood
** Female
*** Female Full-blood
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
244 Cherokee heads of families were listed in Alabama, of whom 40 were listed
as slaveowners; thus approximately 0.16 percent of heads of families were
slaveowners.
The slaveowners possessed 299 black slaves, averaging 7.48 slaves each.
3 full-blood slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 12 slaves.
3 female slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 40 slaves.
There were 36 mixed-blood Cherokees who were slaveowners.
Table III
CHEROKEE SLAVEOWNERS IN NORTH CAROLINA IN 1835
Total
Number
of
Owners Name of
Owner Number
of Male
Slaves
Owned Number
of Female
Slaves
Owned Total
Number
of
Slaves
Owned Occupation
of
Slaveowner
98 Charles Buffington 1 0 1 Farmer
99 Oolaohee * 1 5 6 Farmer
100 John Timpson 1 0 1 Farmer
101 David England 0 1 1 Farmer, 1 mill
102 Autheeskey * 1 0 1 Farmer, 2 farms
103 Robert Muskrat * 1 2 3 Farmer
104 George Blair 1 3 4 Farmer
105 Ned Christey 2 1 3 Farmer, 2 farms
106 John Welch 2 4 6 Farmer, 3 farms
2 mills
107 Gideon Morris 1 1 2 Farmer
108 David Taylor 0 2 2 Farmer
109 Catey *** 0 1 1 Not listed
110 Chicksuttehe * 0 1 1 Farmer
111 Dick Downing 0 1 1 Farmer, 2 farms
112 (Name
indistinguishable.) 1 1 2 Not listed
113 Jessee Rayper 1 1 2 Farmer
* Full-blood
** Female
*** Female Full-blood
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
644 Cherokee heads of families were listed in North Carolina, of whom 16 were
listed as slaveowners; thus approximately 0.02 percent of heads of families
were slaveowners.
The slaveowners possessed 37 black slaves, averaging 2.31 slaves each.
5 full-blood slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 12 slaves.
1 female-slaveowner was listed; she possessed 1 slave.
There were 11 mixed-blood Cherokees who were slaveowners.
Table IV
CHEROKEE SLAVEOWNERS IN GEORGIA IN 1835
Total Name of Number Number Total Occupation
Number Owner of Male of Female Number of
of Slaves Slaves of Slaveowner
Owners Owned Owned Slaves
Owned
Cherokee County
114 Moses Downing 3 2 5 Farmer, 5 farms,
1 ferry
115 George Still 5 5 10 Farmer, 3 farms
116 Jack Still 1 2 3 Farmer, 4 farms
117 Laughing Girl *** 0 2 2 Farmer, 4 farms
118 Jenny Harnage ** 0 1 1 Not listed
119 Joseph Beck 2 1 3 Farmer
120 Surry Eaton 1 4 5 Farmer
121 James Daniel 21 16 37 Farmer, 4 farms
122 Robert Berry 0 3 3 Not listed
123 Sam Sanders 0 2 2 Farmer
124 John Sanders 2 7 9 Farmer, 5 farms
125 George Sanders 6 7 13 Farmer, 3 farms
126 Charley Tahe * 1 0 1 Farmer
127 Betsy Wolf *** 2 5 7 Farmer
128 Big Chickistahe * 3 0 3 Farmer, 2 farms
Lumpkin County
129 Daniel Davis 9 14 23 Farmer, 5 farms,
2 mills
130 James Landrum 1 7 8 Farmer, 6 farms
131 Charles Landrum 0 1 1 Farmer
132 Silus Palmer 0 1 1 Farmer, 2 mills
133 James Crittenton * 0 1 1 Farmer
134 Sam Downing * 1 1 2 Not listed
135 Nelly Downing *** 2 5 7 Farmer, 2 farms
Table IV (Continued)
Total Name of Number Number Total Occupation
Number Owner of Male of Female Number of
of Slaves Slaves of Slaveowner
Owners Owned Owned Slaves
Owned
Forsyth County
136 Alford Hatson 7 3 10 Farmer
137 George Welch 0 1 1 Farmer
138 George Waters 50 50 100 Farmer, 2 farms
1 ferry
139 T. J. Charlton 15 15 30 Not listed
140 James Cleland 1 4 5 Farmer
141 John Rogers 8 8 16 Ferry boat
142 Master Brannon 6 8 14 Farmer, 2 farms
1 ferry
143 Charles Harris 1 2 3 Not listed
144 William Rogers 3 5 8 Farmer, 1 ferry
145 Robert Rogers 0 3 3 Farmer
146 Alford Scudder 3 3 6 Farmer, 1 mill
147 Lewis Blackburn 11 10 21 Farmer, 1 mill
1 ferry
148 Joshua Buffington 6 4 10 Farmer
149 Mosses Daniel 3 1 4 Farmer
Floyd County
150 Cornsilk * 2 1 3 Not listed
151 John Fields * 0 1 1 Farmer
152 Buffalo Fish * 2 1 3 Farmer
153 Water Hunter * 0 1 1 Farmer
154 Sawney Vann * 1 1 2 Farmer
155 Jacob West 8 5 13 Farmer
156 David Vann 7 6 13 Farmer
157 (Name
indistinguishable) 4 1 5 Not listed
158 Rain Crow * 0 3 3 Farmer
159 Watie * 1 1 2 Farmer
160 John Ridge 11 10 21 Farmer, 2 farms
1 ferry
161 Alexander Brown 5 2 7 Farmer
162 Tom Woodard 2 6 8 Farmer
163 Major Ridge * 6 9 15 Farmer, 4 farms
2 ferries
Table IV (Continued)
Total Name of Number Number Total Occupation
Number Owner of Male of Female Number of
of Slaves Slaves of Slaveowner
Owners Owned Owned Slaves
Owned
Cass County
164 Lila Conacene *** 1 1 2 Not listed
165 Samuel Mays 3 2 5 Farmer
166 Sally Hughes *** 2 0 2 Not listed
167 Sokeeney Smith * 0 2 2 Not listed
168 Thomas Pettit 4 5 9 Not listed
169 Rachel Adair ** 3 2 5 Not listed
170 Joseph Lynch 3 4 7 Farmer, 2 farms
171 James A. Thompson 3 4 7 Farmer, 2 farms
172 Lowry Williams 4 2 6 Farmer
173 Johnson Thompson 3 4 7 Farmer
174 Benjamin F. Thompson 8 5 13 Farmer
175 Baldridge * 1 1 2 Farmer
176 George W. Adair 2 3 5 Not listed
177 David Sanders 0 2 2 Farmer
178 Lucy Martin ** 7 13 20 Not listed
179 Jeremiah C. Towers 5 5 10 Farmer, 2 farms
180 Edward Adair 4 3 7 Farmer
181 Samuel Adair 0 3 3 Farmer
182 Walter T. Adair 1 1 2 Farmer, 2 farms
183 Catherine Gann ** 4 2 6 Not listed
184 Collins McDaniel 1 0 1 Farmer
185 Elias Boudinot 1 0 1 Not listed
186 Elijah Hicks 2 5 7 Farmer
187 John Martin 33 36 69 Not listed
188 Polly Euker *** 2 2 4 Farmer
189 Jack Bell 4 3 7 Farmer
190 Wot Sanders * 1 1 2 Farmer
191 John Williams 0 2 2 Farmer
192 Daniel McCoy 1 2 3 Farmers, 1 mill
193 Arch Fields 6 1 7 Not listed
194 Polly Ratlingoard * 2 1 3 Not listed
195 Betsey Thompson ** 1 1 2 Farmer
196 John Young 0 3 3 Farmer
Table IV (Continued)
Total Name of Number Number Total Occupation
Number Owner of Male of Female Number of
of Slaves Slaves of Slaveowner
Owners Owned Owned Slaves
Owned
Walker County
197 John Benge 4 1 5 Farmer
198 Fox Baldridge 2 3 5 Farmer
199 Gwen (or Gwin)
Baldridge ** 1 0 1 Farmer
200 Suaky Smith 1 3 4 Farmer
201 Henry Nave 4 4 8 Farmer
202 Little Meat * 0 1 1 Farmer
203 Charley Fought 2 3 5 Farmer
204 Dick Taylor 10 6 16 Farmer
205 Tom Brewer * 1 0 1 Farmer
206 Tom Taylor 6 3 9 Farmer
207 John Brewer 2 1 3 Farmer, 2 farms
208 Nancy Hicks ** 2 6 8 Farmer
209 Jim Sanders 0 2 2 Farmer
* Full-blood
** Female
*** Female fullblood
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
1,461 Cherokee heads of families were listed in Georgia, of whom 96 were
listed as slaveowners thus approximately 0.06 percent of heads of families
were
slaveowners.
The slaveowners possessed 776 black slaves, averaging 0.08 slaves each.
23 full-blood slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 69 slaves.
14 female slaveowners were listed; they possessed a total of 70 slaves.
There were 73 mixed-blood Cherokees who were slaveowners.
Table V
State
Alabama Tennessee North Carolina Georgia Total
Number of Cherokees 11,424 2,528 3,644 8,946 26,542
Number of Cherokee Heads of Families 244 427 644 1,461 2,776
Cherokee Slaveowning Heads of Families 40 57 16 96 209
Percentage of Heads of Families Who
Were Slaveowners 0.16 0.13 0.02 0.06
Number of Male Slave Owned 141 242 13 370 766
Number of Female Slave Owned 158 238 24 406 826
Total number of Slaves Owned 299 480 37 776 1,592
Average Number of Slaves Owned 7.47 8.42 2.31 8.08
Cherokee Female Slaveowners 3 2 1 14 20
Number of Slaves Owned by
Cherokee Females 40 6 6 70 129
Average Number of Slaves Owned
by Cherokee Females 13.3 3 6 5
Cherokee Full-blood Slaveowners 3 1 5 23 31
Number of Slaves Owned by Full-bloods 12 1 12 69 85
Average Number of Share's Owned by
Full bloods 4 1 2.4 3
Average Number of Slaves Owned by
all Cherokees 7.47 8.42 2.31 8.08
Total Acres Tilted 7,232 10,692 6,906
Table VI
EASTERN CHEROKEES WHO OWNED TWENTY OR MORE BLACK SLAVES IN 1835
George Lowrey, Sr. 20
Lucy Martin 20
Alsey Eldridge 21
Lewis Blackburn 21
John Ridge 21
(Name indistinquishable) 21
Samuel Gunter 22
Alexander Gilbreath 22
Daniel Davis 23
James Brown 28
James Petit 28
Elizabeth Pack 29
Edward Gunter 30
John Gunter 30
T. J. Charlton 30
James Daniel 37
Lewis Ross 41
John Martin 69
George Waters 100
Joseph Vann 110